Comparaison des Modèles et Architectures pour un Accès Mobile Restreint et Local au Web de Données: Un état de l’art des architectures et solutions envisageables

This document presents a survey prior to a thesis project, which aims to propose solutions allowing local and restricted access to the Web of data. We have explored several relevant mechanisms proposed in the literature, dedicated to various problems and likely to constitute important points for our future contributions. Since our main objective is to offer tools dedicated to mobility situations in environments where internet access is unreliable, we were particularly interested in comparing approaches (P2P, DHT, etc.) allowing to realize a particular fog/edge computing scenario which is restricted and local mobile access to contextually relevant and shared related data. In this context, we have focused some of our research on so-called gossip protocols (or epidemic protocols) that are well suited to the dynamic nature of networks. The dynamic aspect of the peers also led us to consider the solutions that take into account the location of the peers in order to improve the quality of the services offered.In addition, we looked at solutions dealing with semantic heterogeneity in peer-to-peer environments, including ontology alignment mechanisms that allow us to fully benefit from the power of peer-to-peer systems without imposing the use of a common ontology to all peers.Data replication and caching can be an important alternative to accessing remote sources; we have devoted the last part of this document to solutions based on these mechanisms to supply a local access to data.Ce document présente un état de l'art préalable à un projet de thèse qui vise à proposer des solutions permettant un accès local et restreint au Web de données. Nous avons exploré plusieurs mécanismes pertinents proposés dans la littérature, dédiés à des problématiques différentes et pouvant constituer des points importants pour nos futures contributions. Notre objectif principal étant de proposer des outils dédiés à des situations de mobilité dans des environnements ou l’accès internet est peu fiable, nous nous sommes intéressés particulièrement à comparer des approches (P2P, DHT, etc.) permettant de réaliser un scénario de fog/edge computing particulier qui est l'accès mobile restreint et local à des données liées contextuellement pertinentes et partagées. Dans cette optique, nous avons focalisé une partie de nos recherches bibliographiques sur les protocoles dits de « gossip » (ou protocoles épidémiques) qui s’avèrent bien adaptés au caractère dynamique des réseaux. L'aspect dynamique des pairs nous a aussi amené à considérer des solutions qui prennent en compte la localisation des pairs pour améliorer la qualité des services offerts.Nous regardons de plus dans ce document, des solutions traitant de l’hétérogénéité sémantique dans des environnements pair-à-pair, notamment des mécanismes d’alignements d’ontologies qui permettent de profiter pleinement de la puissance des systèmes pair-à-pair sans imposer l’utilisation d’une ontologie commune à tous les pairs.La réplication et le cache de données pouvant constituer une alternative importante à l’accès à des sources distantes, nous avons consacré la dernière partie de ce document aux solutions reposant sur ces mécanismes et offrant ainsi un accès local aux données

Incremental Ontology-Based Extraction and Alignment in Semi-Structured Documents

International audienceSHIRI 1 is an ontology-based system for integration of semi- structured documents related to a specic domain. The system's purpose is to allow users to access to relevant parts of documents as answers to their queries. SHIRI uses RDF/OWL for representation of resources and SPARQL for their querying. It relies on an automatic, unsupervised and ontology-driven approach for extraction, alignment and semantic anno- tation of tagged elements of documents. In this paper, we focus on the Extract-Align algorithm which exploits a set of named entity and term patterns to extract term candidates to be aligned with the ontology. It proceeds in an incremental manner in order to populate the ontology with terms describing instances of the domain and to reduce the access to extern resources such as Web. We experiment it on a HTML corpus related to call for papers in computer science and the results that we obtain are very promising. These results show how the incremental be- haviour of Extract-Align algorithm enriches the ontology and the number of terms (or named entities) aligned directly with the ontology increases

Design of cellular beams against lateral torsional buckling

International audienc

Incremental Ontology-Based Extraction and Alignment in Semi-Structured Documents

International audienceSHIRI 1 is an ontology-based system for integration of semi- structured documents related to a specic domain. The system's purpose is to allow users to access to relevant parts of documents as answers to their queries. SHIRI uses RDF/OWL for representation of resources and SPARQL for their querying. It relies on an automatic, unsupervised and ontology-driven approach for extraction, alignment and semantic anno- tation of tagged elements of documents. In this paper, we focus on the Extract-Align algorithm which exploits a set of named entity and term patterns to extract term candidates to be aligned with the ontology. It proceeds in an incremental manner in order to populate the ontology with terms describing instances of the domain and to reduce the access to extern resources such as Web. We experiment it on a HTML corpus related to call for papers in computer science and the results that we obtain are very promising. These results show how the incremental be- haviour of Extract-Align algorithm enriches the ontology and the number of terms (or named entities) aligned directly with the ontology increases

Comparaison des Modèles et Architectures pour un Accès Mobile Restreint et Local au Web de Données: Un état de l’art des architectures et solutions envisageables

This document presents a survey prior to a thesis project, which aims to propose solutions allowing local and restricted access to the Web of data. We have explored several relevant mechanisms proposed in the literature, dedicated to various problems and likely to constitute important points for our future contributions. Since our main objective is to offer tools dedicated to mobility situations in environments where internet access is unreliable, we were particularly interested in comparing approaches (P2P, DHT, etc.) allowing to realize a particular fog/edge computing scenario which is restricted and local mobile access to contextually relevant and shared related data. In this context, we have focused some of our research on so-called gossip protocols (or epidemic protocols) that are well suited to the dynamic nature of networks. The dynamic aspect of the peers also led us to consider the solutions that take into account the location of the peers in order to improve the quality of the services offered.In addition, we looked at solutions dealing with semantic heterogeneity in peer-to-peer environments, including ontology alignment mechanisms that allow us to fully benefit from the power of peer-to-peer systems without imposing the use of a common ontology to all peers.Data replication and caching can be an important alternative to accessing remote sources; we have devoted the last part of this document to solutions based on these mechanisms to supply a local access to data.Ce document présente un état de l'art préalable à un projet de thèse qui vise à proposer des solutions permettant un accès local et restreint au Web de données. Nous avons exploré plusieurs mécanismes pertinents proposés dans la littérature, dédiés à des problématiques différentes et pouvant constituer des points importants pour nos futures contributions. Notre objectif principal étant de proposer des outils dédiés à des situations de mobilité dans des environnements ou l’accès internet est peu fiable, nous nous sommes intéressés particulièrement à comparer des approches (P2P, DHT, etc.) permettant de réaliser un scénario de fog/edge computing particulier qui est l'accès mobile restreint et local à des données liées contextuellement pertinentes et partagées. Dans cette optique, nous avons focalisé une partie de nos recherches bibliographiques sur les protocoles dits de « gossip » (ou protocoles épidémiques) qui s’avèrent bien adaptés au caractère dynamique des réseaux. L'aspect dynamique des pairs nous a aussi amené à considérer des solutions qui prennent en compte la localisation des pairs pour améliorer la qualité des services offerts.Nous regardons de plus dans ce document, des solutions traitant de l’hétérogénéité sémantique dans des environnements pair-à-pair, notamment des mécanismes d’alignements d’ontologies qui permettent de profiter pleinement de la puissance des systèmes pair-à-pair sans imposer l’utilisation d’une ontologie commune à tous les pairs.La réplication et le cache de données pouvant constituer une alternative importante à l’accès à des sources distantes, nous avons consacré la dernière partie de ce document aux solutions reposant sur ces mécanismes et offrant ainsi un accès local aux données

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection amongst children in Senegal: current prevalence and seroprotection level

Introduction: hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is highly endemic in Senegal. HBV vaccine of all children has been introduced in 1999 and included in the Expanded Programme on Immunization in 2004. The aim of this study was to assess the HBV prevalence and immunity status against HBV amongst children in Senegal. Methods: between March and August 2016, consecutive children aged from 6 months to 16 years old were recruited in outpatient department of three main children hospitals in Senegal. Serum samples were analyzed for HBV serology (HBsAg, HBcAb, HBsAb) using ARCHITECT analyzer. Children with HBsAb levels ≥ 10 IU/l) were considered as seroprotected against HBV. Results: during the study period, 295 children fulfilled the criteria for the study and were further analyzed. Three children were HBsAg positive giving a seroprevalence at 1.1% (95% CI: 0.2-3.3), 12/267 (4.5%, 95% CI=2.3-7.7) had positive HBcAb and 226/295 (76.6%, 71.4-81.3) had positive HBsAb including 191 (77.3%, 71.6-82.4) with isolated HBsAb related to previous active immunization. However only 165 children (56%, CI 50-62) had seroprotective HBsAb levels (HBsAb ≥ 10 UI/L) and 63 (21.4, 16.8-26) had a strong seroprotectiondefined by HBsAb ≥ 100 IU/L. Conclusion: our results suggest that although HBV prevalence has significantly decreased in children in Senegal following a better HBV vaccine coverage, the number of children correctly seroprotected is insufficient (56%). Assessing the levels of&nbsp